HEDDAONBROADWAY-COMMON DISEASE AND ITS REMEDIES » SYMPTOMS

MEDICINE FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

admin — Sat, 12 Jun 2010 01:10:57 +0000

It is characterised by hyperresponsiveness of tracheo-bronchial smooth muscle to a variety of stimuli, resulting in narrowing of air tubes, often accompanied by increased secretion, mucosal edema and mucus plugging. A number of different factors can trigger an asthmatic attack i.e. antigens, infection, air pollutants, emotional states, exercise, and exposure to cold. Visit to get more. Exposure to these factors triggers a series of events leading to an attack. One of the steps, involved in this phenomenon, is the release of naturally occurring chemical transmitters from cells called mast cells that are found in the wall of the bronchi. The main complaints are episodic wheezing, feeling of tightness in chest, dyspnea and cough. The frequency of asthma is highly variable. Some patients may have very frequent, brief attacks of asthma; other may suffer nearly continuous symptoms. Usually bronchial asthma is not that severe in people and they seem to manage the conditions by being aware of the triggers causing the attacks in them and avoiding the triggers, medication and breathing exercises. The most commonly used medicine is Salbutamol. The brand name is ASTHALIN, SALOL, CROYSAL. Inhaled Salbutamol produces bronchodilatation within 5 minutes and the action lasts 2-4 hours. Oral Salbutamol acts for 4-6 hours, is longer acting and safer medicine. The dosage of the medicine is 2-4 mg oral, 0.25-0.5 mg i.m / s.c.,100-200 microns by inhalation. The side effect of the medicine are palpitation, restlessness, nervousness, throat irritation and ankle edema. Cardiac side effect are less prominent.

MEDICINAL USE OF ASAFOETIDA

admin — Sat, 12 Jun 2010 01:00:29 +0000

Asafoetida is also known as devil’s dung or gum asafoetida. Asafoetida is the oleo-gum obtained by incision from the rhizomes and roots of Ferula foetida Regel, Ferula rubricaulis Regel and it belongs to umdelliferae family. The taste of the medicine is bitter, the odour is interise and alliaceous due to sulphur compound present in it. Asafoetida is used as carminative, nervine stimulant, or in intestinal flatulence. Also used as Flavoring agent for pickles, sauces, curries. It has good veterinary medicinal value. Asafoetida contains resin, gum, and volatile oil. The resin of the medicine consists chiefly asaresinotannol in the free or combined form with ferulic acid. Asafoetida is often adulterated with gum Arabic, rosin, gypsum, red clay, chalk and barley or wheat flour.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS

admin — Wed, 10 Feb 2010 02:22:45 +0000

The hepatitis A virus is a non-enveloped RNA virus. It is relatively resistant to the action of heat. Once the virus enters the body, it multiples in the intestinal epitheleum and escapes to the liver by the haematogenous route. products.herbalife.co.uk The hepatitis B virus is an enveloped DNA virus, possessing a double shelled spherical structure. This virus replicate in the liver cells and virus cells or their fragments get incorporated in the liver cell membranes. The manifestations of hepatitis B is mainly due to immune response to the infection and due to cytotoxicity of virus. Delta virus and Non-A and Non-B viruses and their pathophysiology is not well understood. Chronic hepatitis occurs as complication in around 5% of hepatitis patients. The massive hepatic necrosis occurs and liver suddenly shrinks over a period of several hours or days. The patient develops hepatic coma and around 0.1%-0.4% patient of hepatitis A and 10-12% of hepatitis B die.

TREATMENT OF ANTIDOTE

admin — Wed, 10 Feb 2010 01:55:40 +0000

Clinical toxicity is the poisonous effects produced clinically in human being by drugs and chemicals. The happenings of poisoning may be for suicidal, homicidal, or by accident. The poison are classified into three main categories on their mode of action. They are corrosives, irritants and neurotics. The aim of the treatment is to help the patient to stay alive, relieve pain and restore normalcy. The different types of poisoning are poisoning by insecticides, heavy metal poisoning i.e., arsenic and lead, barbiturate poisoning, narcotic poisoning i.e., opium, cannabis and coccaine. Various steps involved in the treatment of poison cases are
• First aid treatment i.e., the cardinal rule is to remove the unabsorbed poison from contact with the patient and to obtain definite medical care at the earliest
• Use of antidote- It falls under four categories viz., mechanical, chemical, systematic, universal.
• Elimination of unabsorbed poison.
• Treatment of general symptoms.
• Maintenance of the patient’s general condition.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE – HEPATITIS

admin — Wed, 10 Feb 2010 01:40:18 +0000

Hepatitis is a viral infection that harms the liver and is a communicable disease. There are different types of hepatitis. They are
• Infectious hepatitis or viral hepatitis is caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). This is transmitted through contaminated water, food and milk. Homosexuality is also a cause for transmission.
• Serum hepatitis is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). This is transmitted through contaminated syringes and needles, blood transfusion, tattooing etc., This is also transmitted sexual contact.
• Delta hepatitis is cased by hepatitis D virus. The virus can replicate only in the presence of the helper hepatitis B virus. Hence delta virus can infect only persons with hepatitis B virus. The transmission is similar to hepatitis B virus.
• Hepatitis Non-A and Non-B (HNANB) is caused by agents not serologically related to HAV or HBV. This is contracted by oral faecal exposure to an infected individual.

MEDICINE FOR ANTI FUNGAL

admin — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 08:36:53 +0000

The medicine which is used for superficial and deep fungal infections is antifungal. Fungal infections can manifest in different places of the body. Depending on the infected area, symptoms may vary substantially. Fungal infections of the skin, mouth and oesophagus , vagina are basic parts which can be easily affected by fungus. The most common fungi to cause skin infections are the tinea group of fungi.
Various types of fungi can cause internal infections. For example:
• Aspergillosis most commonly affects the lungs, but sometimes infects other organs.
• Cryptococcosis is uncommon, but can cause meningitis.
• Histoplasmosis is rare, but can cause serious infections of the lung and other organs.
There are several types of antifungal medicines. They come as creams, shampoos, medicines to take by mouth, and injections. Most work by damaging the cell wall of the fungus, which causes the fungus cell to die. businessopportunity.herbalife.co.uk One of the most common medicines given for the treatment is Ketoconazole. It is the first orally effective medicine. The brand name is FUNGINOC, NIZRAL 2% ointment, 2% shampoo ( for dandruff ), KETOVATE 2% cream. Single daily dosage is satisfactory in less severe cases. The usual dosage of the medicine is 200 mg once daily or twice daily. Higher doses are sometimes required. The most common side effect of the medicine are nausea and vomiting, can be giving the medicine with meals. Others are loss of appetite, rashes, head ache and hair loss.

MEDICINE FOR MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS

admin — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 08:36:45 +0000

The medicine which destroys the bacteria or slows down their growth is Macrolide Antibiotics. Mostly this medicine is given for respiratory tract infection. Macrolides are derived from Streptomyces species. They have a common macrolytic lactone ring to which one or more sugars are attached. They are different from one another in their chemical substitutions on structures of various carbon atoms and the amino and neutral sugars. Macrolide antibiotics are noted for their intracellular accumulation and activity against intracellular pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella spp. One of the common medicines given for the treatment is Erythromycin. The brand name is EROMED, ETROCIN, EYTHROCIN. The dosage of the medicine for adult is 250-500 mg for 6 hours ( max- 4g / day ) and for children 30-60 mg / kg / day. The side effect of the Erythromycin base is a remarkably safe medicine. Mild to severe epigastric pain is experienced by many patients, specially children, on oral therapy. Diarrhoea is occasional. At higher doses of the medicine may cause reversible hearing impairment. Allergic reactions, headache, taste disturbance, eosinophilia, reversible hearing loss, and hepatotoxicity are an infrequent occurrence with all the macrolides. Macrolides should be avoided in severe liver disease due to increased risk of hepatotoxicity and altered handling. Macrolide are contraindicated if there is a history of hypersensitivity.

MEDICINE FOR ANTI EMETICS

admin — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 08:25:38 +0000

Anti Emetics are the medicine which are used to prevent or suppress vomiting. Many patients respond to intravenous hydration and a short period of gut rest, followed by reintroduction of oral intake. Dehydration may happen, when output fluid exceeds intake fluid and is mostly happened with with electrolyte fatigue,abnormalities, weakness, and dizziness. Dehydration can be corrected with intravenous fluids with appropriate electrolytes and vitamins. Relief of symptoms is common within one to two days of rehydration. Hospitalization, as well as replenishment of fluids and electrolytes, may contribute to palliation of symptoms. The commonly used drug is Domperidone. It is an effective and popular medicine for many types of vomiting like postoperative, drug induced, disease associated- specially migraine, radiation sickness etc. Aside from the difficulty of maintaining proper nutrition and a healthy weight, chronic vomiting can result in dehydration, which can be a medical emergency. It also reduces nausea in early pregnancy. The brand name is DOMSTAL, DOMPERON. The dosage of the medicine is 10-40 mg for adult and 0.3-0.6 mg/kg for children. Side effects of the medicine are dry mouth, rashes, loose stools, galactorrhoea and head ache. Patients should not take antiemetics without first consulting a physician. Other drugs or certain medical conditions can impact how a patient responds to antiemetic use. Antiemetics should not be used by children, the elderly or women who are pregnant, thinking of becoming pregnant or breastfeeding unless use is approved by a physician.

MEDICINE THERAPY FOR MIGRAINE

admin — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 08:14:27 +0000

Migraine is a mysterious disorder characterized by pulsating head ache, usually restricted to one side, which comes in attacks lasting 4 – 48 hours and is often associated with nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, vertigo, loose motions. Migraineurs often suffer from cutaneous allodynia – that is, sensitivity and/or pain when the skin is touched. Most common in women, it often comes during the headache stage of a migraine attack (if there is a headache at all), but for many people it comes before, and is a kind of “warning signal”. The skin becomes so sensitive, that it may feel like your “hair hurts”. Running a comb through your hair can be excruciating. The most common medicine for severe migraine is Ergotamine. It is the most effective medicine. It should be given early in attack, relief is often drammatic and lower doses suffice. Patients who vomit can be given the drug per rectum as suppository. Parenteral administration should not be given because it is more hazards. Another class of drugs that might help is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, a type of anti-inflammatory drug. There have been concerns about Cox2 inhibitors and their link to heart problems. The brand name is MIGRANIL, MIGRIL, VASOGRAIN. The larger dosage of the medicine is needed and control may be achieved only after few hours. Oral / sublingual route is preferred, 1 mg is given at ½ hour intervals or a total of 6 mg is given.

MEDICINE FOR ANTI SPASMODIC

admin — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 08:12:18 +0000

The medicine which is used to prevent or relief pain and spasm in irritable bowel syndrome especially of the smooth muscles and to reduce the movement of the intestine i.e., gut. It is also used in some other conditions such as diverticular disease. Gut is partially controlled by an extensive network of neurons. The neurons work by controlling smooth muscle which is present in the walls of the gut. This muscle which is responsible for gut movements. The neurons are stimulated by various different chemicals produced by our body. These chemicals work by binding to special receptors on the muscle surface, which causes either relaxation or contraction of the smooth muscle. Contractions of the smooth muscle cause food in the gut to be moved further along the gut. However, in conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome these contractions can occur too frequently or painful, causing some of the symptoms experienced. Antimuscarinics work by blocking muscarinic receptors. These are a class of receptors found in the gut which cause muscle contraction. Blocking the receptors reduces the amount of contractions and it should help to relieve some of the symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome.Smooth muscle relaxants work directly on the smooth muscle in the wall of the gut.

The commonly used medicine is Dicyclomine Hydrochloride. The brand name is MEFTAL SPAS, CYCLOPAM. The dosage of the medicine for adult is 160 mg per day in 4 equally divided doses. The medicine do not have any serious side effects. If side effects occur, they are usually minor. The most common side effects of the medicine are flatulence and bloating, heartburn, constipation, dry mouth. Dicyclomine Hydrochloride may produce drowsiness or blurred vision. The patient should be warned not to operating a motor vehicle or other machinery or to perform hazardous work while taking this medicine.